The growing human footprint on coastal and open-ocean biogeochemistry

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Climate change, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide, excess nutrient inputs, and pollution in its many forms are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the ocean, often on a global scale and, in some cases, at rates greatly exceeding those in the historical and recent geological record. Major observed trends include a shift ...

Impact of exposure to elevated pCO2 on the physiology and behaviour of an important ecosystem engineer, the burrowing shrimp Upogebia deltaura

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

A species of burrowing shrimp was able to tolerate ocean acidification conditions (pH 7.64) for 35 days. At a lower pH of 7.35, individuals experienced extracellular acidosis, suggesting they had little or no buffering capacity, although there was no evidence of negative impacts on metabolism, osmotic regulation, shell mineralogy, growth, ...

Near future ocean acidification increases growth rate of the lecithotrophic larvae and juveniles of the sea star Crossaster papposus

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Common sunstar larvae and juveniles in ocean acidification conditions grew faster without apparent effects on survival or body structure. Unlike the larvae of some other sea star species that feed on plankton, larval common sunstars rely on nutrition provided in their egg. This difference in life history may enable some ...

Relationship between CO2-driven changes in extracellular acid-base balance and cellular immune response in two polar echinoderm species

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Green sea urchins were able to adjust their internal pH level within 5 days after being placed in ocean acidification conditions, but sea stars (Leptasterias polaris) were not. Internal pH did not appear to be related to immune response. (Laboratory study)

Effects of pCO2 on physiology and skeletal mineralogy in a tidal pool coralline alga Corallina elongata

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

A coralline red alga that lives in tide pools, where it is common for CO2 levels to fluctuate tremendously daily and seasonally, was relatively robust to ocean acidification conditions, compared to other types of coralline algae. (Laboratory study)

The effect of CO2 acidified sea water and reduced salinity on aspects of the embryonic development of the amphipod Echinogammarus marinus (Leach)

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

While ocean acidification may have some negative effects on the eggs of amphipods, exposure to low-salinity water is likely to affect the eggs more, based on ocean acidification trends projected for the next 300 years. (Laboratory study)

Contrasting resource limitations of marine primary producers: Implications for competitive interactions under enriched CO2 and nutrient regimes

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

Ocean acidification may favor growth of algal turfs rather than kelp forests. Such a change would affect the many species associated with algal turf or kelp forest habitats.

Ocean acidification induces multi-generational decline in copepod naupliar production with possible conflict for reproductive resource allocation.

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

A species of copepod (Tisbe battagliai) had decreased reproduction and growth when exposed to ocean acidification conditions. Over time, these changes could result in smaller brood sizes, smaller females, and perhaps later maturing females, which could destabilize the food web. (Laboratory study)

Effect of ocean acidification on early life stages of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.)

  • Posted on: Mon, 06/13/2016 - 05:56
  • By: Anonymous

When Atlantic herring eggs were fertilized, incubated, and hatched in ocean acidification conditions, there was no effect on embryo development or hatch rate. There was also no clear relationship between ocean acidification and length, weight, yolk sac area, or otolith area of the newly hatched larvae. However, the larvae did ...

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